Catoctin Mountain Growers, situated at the base of the Appalachian foothills in Keymar, Maryland, was founded by Bob and Denise Van Wingerden in 1985. Considering Fine Americas got its start in Walnut Creek, California, in 1983, current Catoctin Mountain head grower Julie Ifert believes that it’s fair to assume Catoctin has leaned on the company for its plant growth regulator (PGR) needs from the very start.

The 25-total acre operation serves customers from Virginia to New York, with its plants ending up at many of the national big-box retail stores scattered throughout the region. The group also sells a portion of its output directly to consumers.

“We use basically all of their products. We just love Fine Americas,” Ifert says. “They have a fantastic price point and the product is high quality. That’s why we buy all of our PGRs from them.”

Ifert and her production team use Fine Americas’ line of commercial specialty PGR formulations to ensure plants achieve optimal growth throughout their lifecycle, making sure final plant customers receive a healthy, attractive plant.

Prior to being able to deploy the helpful chemistries, Ifert says a team of laborers would “mechanically pinch” and space perennials throughout the growth cycle.

“Mechanical pinching is a huge labor expense. Now we do minimal mechanical pinch, so we want to use plant growth regulators to reduce our spend on labor,” she says. “And it’s the same with spacing. If a plant overgrows its space, you need to send a crew of people through there.”

Specifically, Ifert points to Collate (concentrated ethephon) combined with Dazide as the Fine Americas offerings that have enabled as much hands-off growing as possible.

“That [combination] has really changed how we grow things in the past 10 years,” she says. “We went from pinching almost every vegetative annual, to now we don’t really have to pinch any.”

Piccolo 10XC is another go-to tool in the Catoctin Mountain Growers’ toolbox, according to Ifert.

“There’s a lot of suppliers out there [for that active] but I feel like Fine went with the extra effort on the research and development side,” she says.

The grower also uses Fresco to give plants a late boost in size before shipping time, she adds. The easy handling and storage are additional attributes that help Fine Americas’ product line stand out from the competition.

“[Just] less plastic and less jugs to go through and rinse out, and it’s a better formulation that doesn’t require agitation when you run it [through an injector],” Ifert says.

The sudden appearance of Phytophthora in greenhouse production can spell disaster for growers. The disease is most often seen during the summer months, but can get going in spring and appear late in the fall, says Ann Chase, owner of Chase Agricultural Consulting. Chase performs plant pathology research, diagnostics and consulting.

“It’s sudden and deadly, so prevention is the key to control,” she explains.

A strong preventative program should start just as hot weather hits, she says. Recycling water greatly increases the risk of Phytophthora, she adds. In the greenhouse setting, scout often and remove dead plants.

“With Phytophthora, infected plants can collapse overnight,” she says.

Pythium can also be a serious issue for all growers, “but it is the opposite of Phytophthora and many times sneaks up on growers,” she warns.

Signs of Pythium include irregular growth, wilting, yellowing — especially lower leaves — and stunting.

“Plants can recover from Pythium but rarely recover from Phytophthora,” she says.

For a soil-borne disease control program, apply broad-based fungicides like Segway O, she says.

“Many of the other fungicides labeled for Phytophthora and Pythium only work on Phytophthora,” Chase says. “But Segway O is very effective for both of these oomycete pathogens. Other very effective fungicides for Pythium and Phytophthora include FenStop and Subdue Maxx.”

Segway O contains the active ingredient cyazofamid, making it “an invaluable alternative to commonly-used fungicides where widespread resistance to the water mold diseases has developed,” says Carlos Bográn, OHP’s manager of technical services.

“As the only product from MOA 21, Segway O is an excellent choice for resistant strains of Pythium and Phythophtora on ornamentals and now greenhouse-grown vegetables and herbs,” he says.

In late July, OHP announced the expansion of the Segway O label that allows the product to be used for control of Pythium, Phythophthora and downy mildew on certain greenhouse-grown vegetables and herbs transplants.

Segway O also offers a pre-harvest interval of zero days.

The recent label expansion falls in line with growers adding food crops to their rotation. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent quarantine boosted the market for home-grown vegetables and herbs.

“The broadening of the greenhouse market has included many vegetables and other herbs. Large container production of crops like tomatoes and peppers has really increased in the ‘ornamental’ operations I visit,” Chase says.

Historically, herb growers have experienced problems finding products labeled for rosemary and lavender, she adds.

“It has been hard to find materials labeled for these crops even when they are produced as ornamentals,” she says.

Anyone adding basil to their production schedule will appreciate the label expansion.

“Basil downy mildew has become quite an issue in recent years and Segway O provides greenhouse herb growers another option, which is important,” Bográn says.

Even with effective products like Segway O, growers “should always use products from different chemical classes with different modes of action,” he says.

When it comes to proper chemical rotation to prevent Pythium and Phytophthora, Chase created a table for growers to reference (see above).

“If you are trying to prevent Pythium and Phytophthora you should rotate materials in the lower half of the table including FenStop, Segway O, Subdue Maxx and Terrazole (or Truban). The P07 products can do an excellent job on both pathogens, but trials have shown control of Pythium only 50% of the time. Using a rotation of two different FRAC groups is sufficient for resistance management,” she explains.

Mycorrhizal fungi and other biological controls all suffer from the same disadvantage. Many people, even those with experience in the horticulture industry, are hesitant to use them because they don’t know how they work.

Manny Dutra is the owner of Horticultural Professionals, a supplier of mycorrhizal fungi, biological controls, beneficial bacteria, biochar and more. He’s based in Vermont, but sells to clients all over the U.S. He has more than 200 vendors, but MycoApply inoculants by Mycorrhizal Applications is his best-selling line.

Dutra sells MycoApply inoculant to nurseries, greenhouses and landscapers, and he sells a lot of it. He says it’s been so successful because it is the best product in the field. It has the highest concentration of active ingredients of mycorrhizal products, which he says is the most important number to check.

“If you’re looking at that, you can understand that it’s the biggest bang for your buck,” he says. “But that’s the whole thing about these mycorrhizal fungi. People are really not familiar with them. But once they understand, it’s really a no brainer to use when you do the mathematics of it all.”

Mycorrhizal fungi is what Dutra calls a “technical sale.” So he prioritizes education. He walks potential customers through the process and sets up a controlled trial for them so they can see results.

“If you start using this product when the plants are really young, you’re talking about pennies per plant, which makes it extremely economical,” Dutra says.

The benefits outweigh the cost by tenfold, he says.

The growers Dutra sells to have reported several benefits of using MycoApply. First, it creates a much more fibrous root mass in a shorter amount of time. Second, the plants require less water and fertilizer. Plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi can grow at the same rate with half the fertilizer, Dutra says.

Aside from the active ingredient concentrations, there are other factors that have influenced Dutra’s decision to stock MycoApply. One of the biggest is that every bag, large, small or even bulk orders, has a production lot number with an expiration date. This is not something every microbial manufacturer does. However, most biological products tend to have an extremely short shelf life and they need to be stored properly. If a mycorrhizal product doesn’t have an expiration date on the package or a lot number you can track, the spores inside may not even be viable anymore.

“I go to other places and I see microbial products on the shelf and none of them have expiration dates on them, and some of them have an inch of dust on them,” Dutra says. “They’d been sitting there for years; those products aren’t viable anymore. It’s not like buying fertilizer that’s good for a hundred years if it’s kept dry. It doesn’t work that way with microbes. Having a lot number and an expiration date says a lot about the company. They care about the effectiveness of the product.”

The shelf life of MycoApply is two years from time of production. If a bag is partially used, it should be stored in a cool, dry place with the bag closed to keep moisture out and maximize efficacy and remaining shelf life

Dutra has been working with Mycorrhizal Applications’ products for about 20 years. MycoApply has had a tremendous impact on the bottom line at Horticultural Professionals.

“It IS the bottom line,” he says. “When we’re writing a protocol for any grower, it’s the first thing we recommend.”

As winter and early spring conditions continue to trend warmer with above average moisture, ornamental growers will likely see increased pressure from many problematic insects, including spider mite pests.

“Mites, especially spider mites, can be very destructive to ornamental crops,” says Carlos Bogran, technical manager at OHP. “Even at relatively low densities, they may cause discoloration of lower leaves, visible stippling damage and reduce plant vigor. At higher densities they may cause defoliation and poor-quality plants that often cannot be sold right away.”

OHP in Bluffton, South Carolina, is a leading provider of crop protection solutions for the greenhouse and nursery industries. According to Bogran, it’s suite of horticultural miticide products that “help prevent crop damage and quality losses. And help control outbreaks when they occur, to avoid problems in surrounding crops.”

Targeting all life stages

Since pest infestations are not typically linear, meaning a grower can experience multiple infestations that are at different stages of the mite life cycle at the same time, having broad spectrum activity against all the life cycles is an important facet of any growers’ IPM strategy.

OHP miticide solutions fit perfectly into that game-plan, according to Bogran.

“Notavo is an ovicide with long residual activity, and it features a proprietary formulation that may be used to visualize and check spray coverage,” he explains. “Shuttle O and Floramite SC are very effective against all other life stages, while still being safe on natural enemies that many growers use for biological control, including predatory mites.”

Additionally, OHP’s neem-oil based Triact 70 features multiple modes of control while minimizing the risk of active ingredient resistance development, while Sirocco is another broad-spectrum option that is also effective against insect pests.

New for 2020

OHP launched two new OMRI-approved active ingredient formulations for mite control in 2020 in Ancora and Pycana, according to Bogran.

“Ancora is a microbial insecticide that contains a fungus that colonizes and kills spider mite eggs,” he says. “While Pycana is an insecticide/miticide that contains refined canola oil, with less risk to crops and, again, less risk of resistance development.”

IPM pointers

Asked his top management tips for growers dealing with mite infestations in the greenhouse, Bogran advises these three key management practices:

Timely applications with great spray coverage. “Most of the issues I see in failures of control are due to poor coverage when pest densities are high,” he adds.

Use a physical mechanical tool like oil products to minimize the risk of resistance development.

Use products that are active against all life stages of the pest, including the eggs.

“Many miticides do not work against all life stages, and when conditions are right, spider mites can reproduce extremely fast.”